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Qu Yuan (c. 339 BC–unknown; alt. c. 340–278 BC) was a Chinese poet and minister who lived during the Warring States period of ancient China. He is known for his patriotism and contributions to classical poetry and verses, especially through the poems of the ''Chu Ci'' anthology (also known as ''The Songs of the South'' or ''Songs of Chu''): a volume of poems attributed to or considered to be inspired by his verse writing. Together with the ''Shi Jing'', the ''Chu Ci'' is one of the two great collections of ancient Chinese verse. He is also remembered as the supposed origin of the Dragon Boat Festival. Historical details about Qu Yuan's life are few, and his authorship of many ''Chu Ci'' poems have been questioned at length.〔Zhao Kuifu 趙逵夫, "''Riben xin de ''Qu Yuan fouding lun'' Chansheng de Lishi Beijing yu Sixiang Genyuan Chutan''" 日本新的 “屈原否定論” 產生的歷史背景與思想根源初探, in ''Fuyin Baokan Ziliao, Zhongguo Gudai Jindai Wenxue Yanjiu'' 複印報刊資料，中國古代近代文學研究, (1995: 10): 89–93.〕 However, he is widely accepted to have written ''Li Sao'', the most well-known of the ''Chu Ci'' poems. The first known reference to Qu Yuan appears in a poem written in 174 BC by Jia Yi, an official from Luoyang who was slandered by jealous officials and banished to Changsha by Emperor Wen of Han. While traveling, he wrote a poem describing the similar fate of a previous "Qu Yuan."〔Quoted in Ban Gu's ''Book of Han'' biography of Jia Yi 《漢書·賈誼傳》, also appears in ''Wenxuan'', "Diào Qū Yuán fù" 弔屈原賦.〕 Eighty years later, the first known biography of Qu Yuan's life appeared in Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian's ''Records of the Grand Historian'', though it contains a number of contradictory details.〔Hawkes, David. Ch'u tz'u: ''The Songs of the South, an Ancient Chinese Anthology''. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959), 52.〕 ==Traditional biography== Sima Qian's biography of Qu Yuan in the ''Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji)'', though circumstantial and probably influenced greatly by Sima's own identification with Qu,〔Hawkes (1959), 53-54.〕 is the only source of information on Qu's life. Sima wrote that Qu was a member of the Chu royal clan and served as an official under King Huai of Chu (reigned 328–299 BC). During the early days of King Huai's reign, Qu Yuan was serving the State of Chu as its Left Minister.〔Ye, Fei, and Wang 2007, 205.〕 However, King Huai exiled Qu Yuan to the region north of the Han River, because corrupt ministers slandered him and influenced the king.〔 Eventually, Qu Yuan was reinstated and sent on a diplomatic mission to the State of Qi.〔Ye, Fei, and Wang 2007, 206.〕 He tried to resume relations between Chu and Qi, which King Huai had broken under the false pretense of King Hui of Qin to cede territory near Shangyu.〔Ye, Fei, and Wang 2007, 205–206.〕 During King Qingxiang's reign, Prime Minister Zilan slandered Qu Yuan.〔 This caused Qu Yuan's exile to the regions south of the Yangtze River.〔 It is said that Qu Yuan returned first to his home town. In his exile, he spent much of this time collecting legends and rearranging folk odes while traveling the countryside. Furthermore, he wrote some of the greatest poetry in Chinese literature and expressed deep concerns about his state.〔 According to legend, his anxiety brought him to an increasingly troubled state of health. During his depression, he would often take walks near a certain well to look upon his thin and gaunt reflection in the water. This well became known as the "Face Reflection Well." On a hillside in Xiangluping (at present-day Zigui County, Hubei Province), there is a well that is considered to be the original well from the time of Qu Yuan. In 278 BC, learning of the capture of his country's capital, Ying, by General Bai Qi of the state of Qin, Qu Yuan is said to have written the lengthy poem of lamentation called "Lament for Ying" and later to have waded into the Miluo river in today's Hunan Province holding a rock in order to commit ritual suicide as a form of protest against the corruption of the era.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chu Yuan (Qu Yuan, 332-296 B.C. )〕 The ritual suicide at Miluo River was the consequence of his despair by the fall of his birthplace and misery of his fellow countrymen.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Qu Yuan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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